PMID26816299.ĬONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: Resorbable polyester pressure equalization tubes demonstrate predictable resorption behavior and similar bio-compatibility characteristics when compared with nonresorbable Shah minigrommet ventilation tubes. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1): CD010375.
'Water precautions for prevention of infection in children with ventilation tubes (grommets)'.
^ a b c Moualed, Daniel Masterson, Liam Kumar, Sanjiv Donnelly, Neil (). 'Causes of glue ear | Information about glue ear'. ^ National Deaf Children's Society- United Kingdom. 
The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 'Grommets (ventilation tubes) for recurrent acute otitis media in children'. Mick, Paul Schilder, Anne Gm Nunez, Desmond A. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (4): CD008512. 'Interventions for the prevention of postoperative ear discharge after insertion of ventilation tubes (grommets) in children'.
^ Syed, Mohammed Iqbal Suller, Sharon Browning, George G. 'Clinical Practice Guideline: Tympanostomy Tubes in Children'. ^ a b c American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, 'Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question', Choosing Wisely: an initiative of the ABIM Foundation, American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, retrieved August 1, 2013, which cites. 
'The diagnosis and management of acute otitis media'.
^ a b Lieberthal, AS Carroll, AE Chonmaitree, T Ganiats, TG Hoberman, A Jackson, MA Joffe, MD Miller, DT Rosenfeld, RM Sevilla, XD Schwartz, RH Thomas, PA Tunkel, DE (March 2013). 'Clinical practice guideline: Tympanostomy tubes in children'. 'Interventions for children with ear discharge occurring at least two weeks following grommet (ventilation tube) insertion'. Javed, Faisal van Dongen, Thijs Ma Waddell, Angus Schilder, Anne Gm (2016). There is debate among clinicians as to whether long-lasting tubes are associated with a higher incidence of adverse outcomes, such as persistent perforation, cholesteatoma, tympanosclerosis and others, as opposed to tubes designed to last for shorter durations. 
The eardrum usually closes without a residual hole at the tube site but in a small number of cases a perforation can persist. They generally spontaneously fall out of the eardrum as the skin of the eardrum slowly migrates out towards the ear canal wall over time. Tympanostomy tubes generally remain in the eardrum for six months to two years, with T-tubes lasting up to four years.
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